TNFD vs TCFD: How the Two Frameworks Relate
TNFD vs TCFD: How the Two Frameworks Relate TNFD and TCFD are often mentioned together and just as often confused. They are related by design — one was built on the model of the other — but they cover different things and sit at very …
FATF: What FCA-Regulated Firms Need to Know
Financial Action Task Force directly, yet its work shapes the anti-money-laundering obligations every regulated firm has to meet. FATF sets the global standards that flow into UK law and, ultimately, into a firm’s customer due diligence and financial crime controls. This article explains what FATF …
ESG Compliance Officer: The Role and What FCA Firms Need
ESG Compliance Officer: The Role and What FCA Firms Need Sustainability and ESG have moved from a reputational concern to a regulated compliance obligation, and firms have responded by creating a role that barely existed a few years ago: the ESG Compliance Officer. This article …
SMF3 vs SMF1: Executive Director vs CEO Under SMCR
SMF3 vs SMF1: Executive Director vs CEO Under SMCR SMF1 and SMF3 are two of the most senior controlled functions under the Senior Managers and Certification Regime, and the difference between them is frequently misunderstood. Both are held by senior executives; both carry personal accountability. …
CRO vs CCO: How the Two Functions Differ at FCA Firms
CRO vs CCO: How the Two Functions Differ at FCA Firms The Chief Risk Officer and the Chief Compliance Officer are often confused, sometimes combined, and frequently misunderstood — including by firms hiring for them. Both are second-line functions, both are senior, and at FCA-regulated …
Head of Internal Audit: Career Path at FCA-Regulated Firms
Internal audit is the third line of defence — the function that gives the board independent assurance that the first and second lines are actually working. At many FCA-regulated firms the Head of Internal Audit holds SMF5, a senior management function. This article sets out …
Consumer Duty: What Firms Have Learned
Consumer Duty One Year On: What Firms Have Learned The Consumer Duty came into force on 31 July 2023 for open products and a year later for closed ones. Enough time has now passed — and enough FCA review activity has followed — to see …
Appropriateness Assessments Under MiFID II: A Practical Guide
Appropriateness is one of the most misunderstood obligations in investment conduct regulation — frequently confused with suitability, often applied mechanically, and a recurring source of supervisory criticism. The rules sit in COBS 10 of the FCA Handbook. This article sets out when appropriateness applies, how …
Inducements and Conflicts of Interest: FCA Expectations in 2026
Inducements and conflicts of interest sit at the heart of investment firm conduct regulation, and they have been a persistent FCA priority since the Retail Distribution Review. The rules live in COBS 2 of the FCA Handbook, and while the framework is now well established, …
Head of Regulatory Reporting: Career Path and Salary Benchmarks 2026
Regulatory reporting has moved from a back-office compliance task to a role that boards and regulators watch closely. Reporting failures are visible, embarrassing and increasingly the subject of supervisory attention, and firms have responded by professionalising the function. This article sets out what the Head …
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